Two reviews on "Eurabia"
Issandr El AmraniWe in the West are living in the midst of a jihad, and most of us don't even realize it — because it's a brand of jihad that's barely a generation old.
Islam divides the world into two parts. The part governed by sharia, or Islamic law, is called the Dar al-Islam, or House of Submission. Everything else is the Dar al-Harb, or House of War. It's called the House of War because it, too, according to the Koran, is destined to be governed by sharia, and it will take war — holy war, jihad — to bring it into the House of Submission.
Jihad began with Muhammed himself. When he was born, the lands that today make up the Arab world were populated mostly by Christians and Jews; within a century after his death, those areas' inhabitants had been killed, driven away, subjugated to Islam as members of the underclass known as dhimmis, or converted to the Religion of Peace at the point of a sword. The Crusades of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries were not wars of conquest by Europeans but attempts to take back what had once been Christian territory. America's very first foreign conflict after the Revolutionary War was with the Barbary pirates, who, sponsored by the Muslim governments of North Africa — just as terrorist groups today enjoy the sponsorship of countries like Libya, Iran, and Syria — had for generations been preying on European ships and selling their crews and passengers into slavery.
It might be easy to dismiss this as yet another kook who takes his Islamic theology (or Orientalist reading thereof) too seriously, but then the NYT's approving review ended with:
Bawer is unquestionably correct, and that fact is quite simply terrifying.
Well except that, for instance, the stupid argument about the Barbary pirates (used by many others in recent years, include those who should know better like Christopher Hitchens) makes no sense. After all, most states in that period employed the services of pirates (called privateers) and would even distribute licenses for piracy. Slavery, likewise, is hardly an Islamo-Arab monopoly. The idea that the inhabitants of the present Islamic world were "driven away" during the Islamic conquests is largely untrue, and the inhabitants of now Islamic lands were not all Christian or Jewish (some were animist). The idea that Jerusalem is/was Christian territory assumes that Bawer accepts the Roman claim to the city, and extends it to the Roman Catholic Church. One could go on, but without reading the book (I am sorely tempted to get the ebook version to read and review... but don't want to give him money) I will stop at this.
That someone has written an alarmist, anti-immigrant, possibly racist book is one thing. It is part of a phenomena that finds a niche in the publishing industry and sells well because of the global "war on terror context). But for the NYT, supposedly THE American highbrow, liberal paper to review it so uncritically is another. To me (along with Thomas Friedman's weekly contributions) it is another sign in the mounting evidence that it is simply not a reliable newspaper when it comes to the Middle East, and this makes me doubt the rest of it. I barely read it as it is, and urge others to do likewise. You can follow American politics at TalkingPointsMemo.com or countless other publications, and look elsewhere for your foreign coverage.
Which brings us to the Guardian. I am not uncritical of the Guardian -- I wish it was less lifestyle-oriented, insular and did more long-form journalism of the classic American kind -- but it remains, for people on the center-left at least, an excellent newspaper with a superb website. On the same day as the NYT endorsed "Eurabia," the excellent investigative journalist Jason Burke reported that the frenzy about it was dying down:
The dire predictions of religious and identity-based mayhem reached their peak between 2004 and 2006, when bombs exploded in Madrid and London, a controversial film director was shot and stabbed to death in Amsterdam, and angry demonstrators marched against publication of satirical cartoons about the Prophet Muhammad.
For Bruce Bawer, author of While Europe Slept, the continent's future was to "tamely resign itself to a gradual transition to absolute sharia law". By the end of the century, warned Bernard Lewis, the famous American historian of Islam, "Europe will be Islamic". The Daily Telegraph asked: "Is France on the way to becoming an Islamic state?" The Daily Mail described the riots that shook the nation in the autumn of 2005 as a "Muslim intifada".
Yet a few years on, though a steady drumbeat of apocalyptic forecasts continues, such fears are beginning to look misplaced. The warnings focus on three elements: the terrorist threat posed by radical Muslim European populations; a cultural "invasion" due to a failure of integration; and demographic "swamping" by Muslim communities with high fertility rates.
A new poll by Gallup, one of the most comprehensive to date, shows that the feared mass radicalisation of the EU's 20-odd million Muslims has not taken place. Asked if violent attacks on civilians could be justified, 82% of French Muslims and 91% of German Muslims said no. The number who said violence could be used in a "noble cause" was broadly in line with the general population. Crucially, responses were not determined by religious practice - with no difference between devout worshippers and those for whom "religion [was] not important".
"The numbers have been pretty steady over a number of years," said Gallup's Magali Rheault. "It is important to separate the mainstream views from the actions of the fringe groups, who often receive disproportionate attention. Mainstream Muslims do not appear to exhibit extremist behaviour."
Read the rest of this thoughtful piece on Muslim emigration to Europe -- and forget about the NYT.
Reader Comments (4)
Dear arabist
Which is unquestionable is the capability of some Arabs to identify themselves with those who conquered Spain, the Al-Andalus later on. What I want to transmit you is not a denial of what you said in this post but the other-way-around's point of view. Check out the logic of the mental system of some people in Egypt, or Saudi Arabia, or anywhere else... authomaticly they will tell a Spanish that they were Arabs before, and authomaticly they will denay Spain was also stablished by others civilizations.
regards
Besides being a raving anti-Muslim racist and the inaccuracies cited above (the majority of people Islam "converted" by force were pagans not Jews or Christians who were considered "people of the book"), the bigger problem with Stephen Pollard's book is the racist and bigoted New York Times. Without the NYT and the NY publishing houses, hateful books (thousands over the years) would go nowhere ... the problem is the mainstream newsmedia not that hatred. The hatred exists out there but it is the mainstream news media that promotes it and gives it credibility for all the numb-minded sheep who exist in the public.
Fortunately, the mainstream news media is dying and we should help it along by boycotting newspapers that publish that kind of garbage. (The newspaper are really hurting and boycotts against media bias are far more effective than against the bigots and racists.)
We can help each other by networking and creating a new media alternative to help put the final nails in the mainstream media's coffins.
The only other issue I have is the transformation of the "Arab" from a secular force into one primary religious force. That concerns me and I think is an issue we all need to weigh. Secular Muslims and Christians are religious and that distinction should be made to separate them from those who make religion their priority. if Pollard had said that, maybe I might agree with him. But then, he represents a religious nationalism built on my land.
Ray Hanania
http://www.RadioChicagoland.com" target="_blank">www.RadioChicagoland.com
Spain was Arab. And Roman. And Visigoth. And, and, and...Yes there's Arabs who only see one piece of the puzzle, just as their are Spaniards, and Americans and Chinese and Indians, etc, etc. The goal is to build a holistic vision of modern societies, not to counter one ignorant vision with another.
Sure, of course some Arabs would like to see al-Andalus be Islamic or Arab again. Like Osama bin Laden and his followers. But this is such a small number of people that it is misleading to talk about it as if it is a widespread phenomenon. All 23 Arab states recognize that Andalusia is Spain. No major newspapers or TV stations talk about regaining it (in fact probably only a few websites talk about it). Morocco has disputes over Ceuta and Mellila (the Spanish enclaves in northern Morocco) and a few islands, but not for religious reasons and with reasonable ground.